诺贝尔物理学奖的科学哲学突破：从彭罗斯和霍金说起

施郁

doi:10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2022.01.005

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诺贝尔物理学奖的科学哲学突破：从彭罗斯和霍金说起

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- 诺贝尔物理学奖的科学哲学突破：从彭罗斯和霍金说起
- Scientific and philosophical breakthrough of Nobel Prize in Physics: A discussion starting with Penrose and Hawking
- 新兴科学和技术趋势 2022年1卷第1期页码：49-54
- 作者机构：
  
  复旦大学　物理学系，上海　200433
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "施郁，男，复旦大学物理学系教授，博士生导师；1989年和1994年在南京大学分别获学士和博士学位博士；担任全国量子力学研究会副理事长，《物理》，International Journal of Physics B，Modern Physics Letters B等学术期刊编委；从事理论物理若干领域的研究，包括量子物理与量子信息、凝聚态物理、高能物理、物理学史，也做过很多科学传播工作；主持完成或正在进行6项国家自然科学基金面上项目、2项上海市项目；在Phy Rev Lett，Phys Rev A，Phys Rev B，Phys Rev D，Phys Rev E，JHEP等英文SCI期刊发表论文约90篇，中文科学史或高级科普文章约120篇。E-mail：yushi@fudan.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2022.01.005
  中图分类号： G301
- 纸质出版日期：2022-09，
  
  收稿日期：2022-03-15，
  
  修回日期：2022-05-05，
- 稿件说明：
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施郁.诺贝尔物理学奖的科学哲学突破：从彭罗斯和霍金说起[J].新兴科学和技术趋势,2022,1(1):49-54.

SHI Yu. Scientific and philosophical breakthrough of Nobel Prize in Physics: A discussion starting with Penrose and Hawking. [J]. Emerging Science and Technology, 2022,1(1):49-54.
施郁.诺贝尔物理学奖的科学哲学突破：从彭罗斯和霍金说起[J].新兴科学和技术趋势,2022,1(1):49-54. DOI： 10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2022.01.005.

SHI Yu. Scientific and philosophical breakthrough of Nobel Prize in Physics: A discussion starting with Penrose and Hawking. [J]. Emerging Science and Technology, 2022,1(1):49-54. DOI： 10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2022.01.005.

摘要

2020年诺贝尔物理学奖的一半表彰彭罗斯的理论工作。一个引起广泛兴趣的问题是，如果霍金2020年还健在，能否也获诺贝尔奖？本文首先讨论了这个问题，认为在他去世之前，本来就可以获得诺贝尔奖。然后澄清，彭罗斯-霍金奇点定理不是一个定理，而是一系列关于奇点的定理，而彭罗斯获诺贝尔奖的理由是他1964年独立完成的奇点定理。该定理指出，在引力塌缩中，普遍存在奇点。本文最后指出，彭罗斯的诺贝尔奖是诺贝尔物理学奖历史上第一次授予以前没有、将来可能也没有直接实验或观测验证的理论发现，标志了诺贝尔物理学奖的科学哲学突破以及新时代的开始。

Abstract

Half of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 awarded Roger Penrose for his theoretical contribution. An interesting question widely discussed is whether Stephen Hawking would have also received Nobel Prize. This paper first discusses this question

arguing that Hawking should have received Nobel Prize in Physics even before he passed away. Penrose-Hawking Singularity Theorems are a set of theorems about singularities

rather than a single theorem. The reason that the Nobel Prize awarded to Penrose is the Singularity Theorem presented by himself in 1964

stating that the singularity exists robustly in a gravitational collapse. The paper finally points out that the Nobel Prize awarded to Penrose was the first time in history for a theoretical discovery that had not been and would unlikely be directly confirmed in experiments or observations

representing a scientific and philosophical breakthrough and the beginning of a new era of Nobel Prize in Physics.

关键词

诺贝尔物理学奖罗杰·彭罗斯斯蒂芬·霍金

Keywords

Nobel Prize in PhysicsPenroseHawking

references

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